#Angular 1.5

[kathegoose]

my take on mimmy mimic in the five laps at freddy's artstyle💥💥💥

uncrusty version w/ size comp and some yapping of mine:

(height compared to flaf freddy)

SO... BUGGY FNAF KART GAME HUH... i watched some videos and to be honest, the artstyle rocks...,,aside from some quality inconsistencies, i think it's pretty good!

so i kinda had to make mimic mimicmi mimc......... and this one's quite different from the usual since i hugged closer to the canon/accurate mimi design, give or take some few details from my interpretation. he's weird!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

also, i mainly used the flaf mangle & springtrap as references!!! AND, here are some design notes from studying the models and art a tad:

- big, dark eye rings - eyes are big and round but not that circular - very round, but can be sharp and angular when needed - body and legs are usually around 1.5 heads tall each?? (kinda broke it here, mimic too long...) - cartoony and expressive, quite simplified - BIG round endo joints

i think i nailed it mostly, i ALREADY draw mimic all silly cartoony so i know just how to stylize and simplify him :] just had to start from scratch and stay close to refs

[elfkinwoods]

The House MD Binge Brain Vomit Nobody Asked For - 1

(Started watching it for the first time in 2025. Also started to remember I have a Tumblr account so I’m dumping random musings on here instead of letting them rot on my phone.)

Let's be honest, at this point it is just mental porn for sadist alloace viewers who happen to like watching Bambi-eyed middle-aged male protagonists suffer. AKA me. I have to make this interpretation to get over the randomly injected doses of heteronormativity.

Almost forgot how early 2000s American TV was eager to stich sex-related content to people's heads and bodies at every convenient or inconvenient juncture and that is PAINFUL to watch. All the other American medical dramas that aesthetically scarred me with their horribly narrated promiscuity came back three episodes into House. It wasn't exactly the type of show I'd go for during immobility swings, but why not, I'd binged all the other Hugh Laurie stuff over and over again. Rediscovering teenage crushes and realising certain aesthetic preferences have been there since childhood has its fun. Had no idea Wilson was played by the same actor that played Neil Perry in Dead Poets' Society—and now we're talking about pre-teen musings.

**Anyway, conclusions:**

- 1. Stephen Fry is right. Few people are so good at being hit, or just being in pain. Not just in comedy; comedy is just an excuse for making suffering and pain look funny. Hugh Laurie excels in the beauty of suffering in a serious context too.

- 2. I am more of a sadist than I calculated. Well. What a revelation.

1.5 seasons in. It's frustratingly typical the way the show explores dysfunctional heterosexual relationships before "resorting to" the intimacy between House and Wilson. Typical, but interesting nonetheless. All the female romantic interests for House are strong-willed, career-focused and never afraid to voice their thoughts or feelings. They have steely voices, angular faces, and usually better life choices than being with House. Wilson, on the other hand, is basically 普林斯顿的夏紫薇.

To be honest, I was a little tired of grumpy cynical Holmesian geniuses with emotional constipation, but Wilson's characterisation (so far) makes up for the aesthetic exhaustion, in addition to Hugh Laurie being so good at suffering.

[livingforstars]

NGC 7293: The Helix Nebula - April 17th, 1996.

"The Helix Nebula (New General Catalog number 7293) is estimated to be a mere 450 light-years from the Sun, in the direction of the constellation Aquarius. At that distance it may well be the closest planetary nebula, offering a dramatic snapshot of a brief final evolutionary stage in the life of a solar-type star. In this colour image, the nebula glows red in the light of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, energised by the ultraviolet radiation from the central star. The main rings themselves, though faint, have an angular size about half that of the full Moon and span about 1.5 light-years. Because it is so close, it is a prime subject for study by astronomers. When the Hubble Space Telescope was focused near the inner edge of the main ring, at about the 12 o'clock position in the above image, it resolved some of the spoke-like radial structures visible into intriguing cometary knots."

[konjaku]

枸杞[Kuko] Lycium chinense

There was a place where a lot of Kuko were growing on the bank of a brook where other tall grasses had withered and disappeared.

It is a deciduous broadleaf shrub, produces many stems from the roots. The stems grow to about 1.5 meters, but at longer lengths they often warp into a bow. Most of the ones I saw were from 40 to 80 centimeters tall, and many of them had remaining leaves.

The stems have thorns. The thorn part is where the base of the leaf used to be, and a closer look reveals the presence of winter buds. From here, leaves emerge in spring, five-petaled purple flowers bloom here in autumn, and red fruits, used as a topping for medicinal dishes, grow in late autumn.

Perhaps it was the angulars on the stems, or perhaps it was the color of the stems, depending on the exposure to sunlight, when the strong wind blew and the stems swayed, they appeared to be very slendar and shiny to my eyes.

By the way, the heavy snowfall in many areas is still continuing today. Meanwhile, because the plains of the Kantō region are surrounded by mountains except on the east side facing the sea, it is usually sunny in winter. Even so, rarely snow clouds driven by strong winds scatter snow like powder or dust into the air not even bad weather. This snow is called 風花[Kazahana|Kazabana](lit. wind flower).

According to the weather forecast, this snowfall is likely to continue through tomorrow. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2Y0bJ0zJj0

[blueiscoool]

‘Faces of Sanxingdui’: Bronze Age Relics Shed Light on Mysterious Ancient Kingdom

A golden face with patinaed turquoise eyes stares out of the darkness. Illuminated around it stand three other bronze heads — some have flat tops, others round — all looked over by a giant bronze statue almost 9 feet high. All have the same piercing, angular eyes.

There’s something about the “Faces of Sanxingdui” — as this collection of sculptures is being billed — that feels both familiar and alien. Currently on display at the Hong Kong Palace Museum, they may appear Mayan or Aztec to the untrained eye, but these over-3,000-year-old sculptures weren’t unearthed anywhere near Mesoamerica’s ancient civilizations. They were discovered on China’s Chengdu Plain, at an archeological dig site called Sanxingdui (which translates as “three star mound”).

Thought to be the largest and oldest site left by the Shu kingdom, a civilization in southwestern China once only hinted at in myths and legends, Sanxingdui was not discovered until the 1920s, when a farmer stumbled across objects while digging an irrigation ditch. The site has since been found to contain the ruins of an ancient city made up of residences, sacrificial pits and tombs enclosed by high dirt walls. Archaeologists from the Sanxingdui Museum say the city was established some 4,800 to 2,800 years ago, until it was abandoned around 800 BC for unknown reasons.

The Chinese government has long promoted Sanxingdui as evidence of the country’s long, uninterrupted history — with the discoveries included in history textbooks for more than a decade. And while thousands of visitors have already flocked to the groundbreaking exhibition in Hong Kong, some analysts suggest that the items are also being used to support the Chinese government’s vision of national identity.

The mysterious and talented Shu

The Shu kingdom, which emerged in the Sichuan basin during the Bronze Age, is believed to have developed independently of the Yellow River Valley societies traditionally considered the cradle of Chinese civilization. Its inhabitants created exquisitely crafted bronze, jade, gold and ceramic objects, depicting fantastical beasts, kings, gods and shamans with bulging eyes and enlarged ears.

Around 120 of the items are currently on display in Hong Kong, and it’s the first time many of these objects, most of which were excavated between 2019 and 2022, have been showcased outside Sichuan province.

Remarkably, the sculptures predate the Terracotta Army, a collection of earthenware statues depicting the armies of China’s first emperor Qin Shi Huang, by at least 1,000 years. Wang Shengyu, an assistant curator at the Palace Museum said the objects are far more advanced, imaginative, and artistic than those being produced anywhere else in China at that time.

“You can tell that it’s very sculptural and very artsy,” Wang said at the exhibition opening, pointing to a roughly 1-foot-tall bronze figure whose fantastical, braided hair extends out to three times the height of its body and, had it not been broken, would stretch much further. “You can imagine how magnificent it was. From above his nose and all the way up, it would’ve been over 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) tall, according to the fragments (archeologists) found. The end of the pigtail is on his shoulder.”

Little is known about the Shu kingdom other than what’s been discovered on the 3.6-square-kilometer (1.4-square-mile) site outside Chengdu. There is no evidence of a written Shu language, and historical literature contains scant information about its culture other than a handful of myths and legends, including a reference to a Shu king called Can Cong whose eyes were said to have protruded — perhaps explaining why so many of the 13,000 relics recovered from the site feature bulging eyes.

After the Shu state was conquered by the Qin dynasty in 316 BC, Shu culture was “buried” under the “mainstream” culture that later emerged on China’s central plain, Chinese authorities wrote in a 2013 UNESCO submission seeking to have Sanxingdui and two nearby archeological sites recognized as World Heritage Sites. They are currently on UNESCO’s “tentative list.”

Since 1986, eight excavated pits at Sanxingdui have yielded giant masks of gods with bulbous, insect-like eyes and protruding ears, mythical creatures with gaping mouths and an almost 4-meter-tall (13-foot) bronze “tree of life” sculpture decorated with ornaments like a Christmas tree. All the items were found shattered, burned and buried, leading experts to believe the pits were used for ritual sacrifices. Some have now been painstakingly re-constructed by archaeologists. “It took 10 years to reconstruct the tree,” said Wang Shengyu, an assistant curator at the museum who helped curate the exhibition.

That tree is not on show in Hong Kong, as it is considered too precious to send abroad, but a section of one of six others discovered and ornaments are on display at the museum, as well as a 3D holographic projection of what experts think it would have looked like – its layers and branches adorned with birds, flowers, fruit, dragons, bells as well as jade and gold foil ornaments. The set are thought to have been part of a theater space.

‘Historical myth’ of a continuous civilization

The exhibition places these items in the context of other ancient civilizations and includes the Shu among the many societies to have existed in the country’s “5,000-year history.” According to a press release from organizers, museum and Hong Kong government officials at the opening stressed the “continuity, inventiveness, unity, inclusiveness and emphasis on peace and harmony” of Chinese history.

Henry Tang, chairman of the governing body behind the West Kowloon Cultural District (where the Palace Museum is located) and a former candidate for Hong Kong’s top leadership role, said in a statement that the district and museum are looking to “promote cultural and artistic exchanges between China and the world, ‘tell China’s story well’, and strengthen the public’s cultural self-confidence.”

But the narrative that the Shu kingdom was innately Chinese is contentious, according to Ian Johnson, a senior fellow for China Studies at US think tank, the Council on Foreign Relations.

“Over the past few decades, the (Chinese Communist Party) has been trying to push a historical myth that all the peoples who have ever lived inside the current borders of the People’s Republic are ‘Chinese,’” he said over email.

“The basic idea is that the PRC (People’s Republic of China) encompasses people who naturally belong together and therefore, from today’s standpoint, form a nation. Hence any effort to have autonomy or even independence is taboo — it runs against history.”

The People’s Republic of China was established in 1949, and its government has often used China’s continuous history as evidence that ethnic groups such as the Tibetans and the Uyghurs have always belonged to China.

Johnson said that there was little support for the idea that civilizations along the Yellow River had much in common with those in the Sichuan Basin.

“They have commonalities but are not the same — just as ancient Assyrians and Phoenicians and Greeks weren’t the same, even if they shared certain things in common,” he said, adding: “sponsoring these kinds of exhibitions are popular and win the government credit.”

When asked to comment, the Hong Kong Palace Museum said the exhibition was “curated based on academic and archaeological research” and that it reinforces its mission to deepen audiences’ “understanding of the lives and cultures of various regions and ethnic groups as well as exchanges among them in ancient China, which have contributed to the magnificence of China’s civilization and its ‘diversity in unity’ pattern of development.”

By Christy Choi.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

A 'surprisingly large' disk galaxy discovered in the early universe

by Swinburne University of Technology

An international team has discovered a giant spiral disk galaxy in the early cosmos which is three times larger than similar galaxies of the same epoch.

Galactic disks are flat, rotating structures filled with stars, gas, and dust that orbit the central core. The solar system orbits within the Milky Way's disk.

Swinburne University of Technology is the only Australian research institution behind this global investigation, published in Nature Astronomy, of the new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and other telescope observations.

Swinburne galaxy spectral modeling expert Dr. Themiya Nanayakkara was a part of the international team that planned the JWST observations and discovered this exceptional galaxy.

"When and how galaxy disks form has been an outstanding puzzle," he says. "Seeing a massive, well-ordered disk galaxy when the universe was just 2.4 billion years old forces us to rethink how rapidly and efficiently nature can build cosmic structures.

"This galaxy not only challenges our existing models of early formation but also hints that dense, gas-rich environments may be the cradle for the universe's earliest giants."

These observations were targeted towards a specific region of the sky, which hosts a bright quasar at redshift z=3.25. The galaxy is seen as it was 11 billion years ago, or 2 billion years after the Big Bang.

Using the new JWST data from two onboard instruments, NIRCam and NIRSpec, Dr. Nanayakkara and the team identified galaxies within this over-dense structure and analyzed their redshifts, morphology, and kinematics, all of which are needed for the identification of galaxy disks.

"Our observations led to the serendipitous discovery of a surprisingly large disk galaxy in our field," he says. "This galaxy, dubbed the 'Big Wheel' has an optical radius of around 10 kpc, which is at least three times as large as what is predicted by current cosmological simulations."

Further kinematics analysis based on the NIRSpec data confirmed that the galaxy contains a disk rotating at around 300 km/s. It is larger than any other kinematically confirmed disks found at similar early epochs, and yet is comparable to the size of today's most massive disks.

Dr. Nanayakkara says the disk lives in a highly over-dense environment, hinting that such an environment might have favorable physical conditions for early disk formation.

"Given the lack of comparable galaxies to the Big Wheel in current cosmological simulations, these favorable physical conditions are likely not fully captured yet in current galaxy formation models. Specifically, environments of this kind are known to host frequent galaxy encounters, mergers and gas flows.

"Therefore, in order to have a disk form early and grow quickly, galaxy mergers in this environment must have been non-destructive and oriented in particular directions. Alternatively, gas inflows must have carried angular momentum that largely co-rotated with the galaxy disk."

Previous studies revealed that the quasar is embedded in a large-scale structure called a proto-galaxy cluster, which has a high concentration of galaxies, gas, and black holes, indicating an exceptionally over-dense environment.

This study paves the way to studying this over-dense environment, which remains a relatively under-explored territory, Dr. Nanayakkara says.

"With more targeted observations, we could build a statistical sample of giant disks in the early universe and open up a new window on the study of early phases of galaxy formation."

TOP IMAGE: This 25-arcsecond-wide, enhanced RGB image showcases the "Big Wheel" galaxy at redshift 3.25, a cosmic giant whose light has travelled over 12 billion years to reach us. In striking contrast, the bright blue galaxy at the upper right is a nearby object (z≈0.1), only about 1.5 billion light years away, making the Big Wheel roughly 50 times further away. Although both appear similar in angular size on the sky, the enormous distance of the Big Wheel reveals its truly colossal physical scale, underscoring the remarkable growth of galaxies in the early universe. Credit: James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

LOWER IMAGE: Composite false-color images of the Big Wheel galaxy at z = 3.245. Credit: Nature Astronomy (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02500-2

[fivepercentgodsandearths]

Let's talk science. Here are my top 10 reasons why I reject the Nation of Islam's belief that the Moon was made 66 trillion years by an evil Black Scientist, who dug near the center of the Earth, filling it with dynamite and separating the Earth from the Moon.

1. Due the extreme temperature and pressure, it's virtually impossible to dig anywhere near the Earth's core. We barely had the technology to drill 7.5 miles below the Earth's surface before the drills overheated and broke. For the NOI Moon deportation belief to be true, without any empirical evidence, we would have to ASSUME that the technology existed.

2. Radiometric dating of the Earth, Moon, Mars, meteorites, in fact most of the material in Solar System, dates back to roughly 4.5 billion years ago. This is one reason scientists think our Solar System formed from the same collapsed cloud of gas and dust about 4.6 billion years ago. For the NOI Moon deportation belief to be true, without any empirical evidence, we would have to ASSUME the Solar System is far older ("trillions of years ") than the data show.

3. Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests the age of anatomically modern Homo sapiens is about 200,000 to 300,000 years old. For the NOI Moon deportation belief to be true, without any genetic or fossil evidence, we would have to ASSUME that humans have existed for trillions of years.

4. The object that impacted the Earth 66 million years ago, partly responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs, released more kinetic energy than almost any other event in Earth's history. The Chicxulub meteor imoact released 100 Teratons of TNT. But it was not sufficient to overcome the gravitational binding energy between the Earth and the Moon.

In contrast, the energy released by the Mars-size bollide ("Theia") that separated Luna from Earth was equivalent to 8,000 Teratons. This means it was about 80 times more energetic. 1 Teraton is equal to the energy released when detonating 1 trillion tons of TNT. So, 8,000 Teratons would be the energy equivalent of 8,000 trillion tons of TNT. That's the weight of about 50,000 Mt. Everests.

For the NOI Moon deportation belief to be true, without any empirical evidence, we would have to ASSUME someone had the expertise, equipment, materials, manpower and facilities to transport and store this amount of TNT. Even then, it would take several decades (or longer) to produce.

5. Gunpowder is a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur. Dynamite is primarily nitroglycerin and some sort of absorbent material (like clayshells, or sawdust). Moondust, on the other hand, is composed of silicon dioxide glass, plus iron, magnesium, calcium and other trace materials. No lunar rocks or soil samples taken from the Moon contained any trace of explosives, gunpowder, or any artificial, man-made substances whatsoever. For the NOI Moon deportation belief to be true, without any empirical evidence, we would have to ASSUME either a.) traces of gunpowder does exist in the Luna rock and soil, we just haven't detected it yet or b.) scientists have discovered but there is a global conspiracy to conceal it.

6. The impact craters from comets and asteroids bombarding the lunar surface have a frequency and distribution that's consistent with a 4.5 billion year model of the Solar System, not a 66 trillion one.

7. Tidal forces, from the gravitational interactions between Earth and Moon, are causing the Moon to recede from the Earth at a rate of roughly 1.5 inches per year. This is approximately the rate our fingernails grow.

Over the course of trillions of years, the gravitational forces would have weakened significantly as the distance between the Earth and the Moon increased far beyond what it currently is today. Eventually, this weakening of gravitational forces would have lead to a gradual reduction in the rate of tidal transfer of angular momentum. However, the geological records (preserved in ancient tidal rhythmites in sedimentary rocks formations) do not reflect trillions of years. We also put retroreflectors on the Moon during the Apollo missions, so we can use laser ranging to measure the distance from Earth to Moon with precision and the measurements are consistent with a theoretical model of the Moon being 4.5 billion years, not 66 trillion years.

8. Our Sun is a yellow dwarf. A G-type main-sequence star and is about 4.6 billion years old. It's age was measured by radiometric dating of meteorites, isotopic information, and from observing the life cycle of other stars in the Universe. Based on our understanding of stellar evolution, the Sun will exhaust its hydrogen fuel in about 5 billion years and become a red giant star.

If the Sun were "trillions" of years old, it would have already exhausted its hydrogen fuel, travelled through all of the stages of stellar evolution, from yellow dwarf to red giant to planetary nebula to white dwarf and, finally, a cold, dark object called a Black dwarf.

9. If the Earth were "trillions" of years old, then we would see evidence of that in the fossil record, archeology, geology, climate, ocean sediments, genetic, paleontology, etc. We don't. Everything we discover is consistent with a 4.5 billion year old planet.

10. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation, the redshift of galaxies, the fact that the farther away a galaxy is from Earth, the faster it appears to be moving away (Hubble's Law), and many other forms of observational evidence (gravitational lensing, stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis) serve as signatures of the universe expanding from a small, hot dense state about 13.8 billion years ago. We would not expect to see, nor could we explain, these phenomena, if the universe was trillions of years old.

By Supreme Scientist Allah (facebook)

[thefandomcassandra]

[Image ID: Bobby Fulbright from Ace Attorney: Dual Destinies looking shocked. The lineart is all hard angles, the colors don't fill the lines properly. A chunk the left side of his face is a black void, a singular eye staring out the screen. Over his face is a red X. ./end ID]

persona non grata

I finished Dual Destinies and immediately was Not Okay About This Man (to be fair, he was one of my favorite characters throughout and by the end I was just completely enamored with him I love him so so so much) so I did what I always do and put my feelings to art. Originally this was way more complex but like...my skill isn't that great and I thought about a child coloring in the concept of something, understanding the shape but not the weight. Flat colors barely in blocky and angular lines, the only rounded edges are the truth. I wanted it to look unfinished and uncanny so...I do hope I did well.

I'll be posting my fic eventually but like...a piece of art and 1.5 fics (I'm working on that second one) you KNOW I'm normal about this man lmao.

[nights-at-crystarium]

What works for some might not work for others. Okay lemme use this as an opportunity to show around my kitchen, in case someone was curious.

Fragments is my first comic, and, should you guys simply keep supporting me, it'd easily last for like 10 years. It was ambitious from day 1, but I wouldn't call that first iteration from early 2022 epic. My writing muscle keeps growing and I progressively get more excited about my own work. Hell yeah I've got what it takes to keep drawing the same thing virtually forever. Reasons: passion and autism lmao.

Every panel isn't meant to be illustration quality, but the subject/focus matters, i.e. if a piece of scenery is important for the storytelling, yes I'll spend 2 days on 1 background.

The same location will be a blur when the characters are the main focus.

Speaking of characters: all of them are simplified and stylized, they'll have this more cartoony, angular look during a convo or action, while an important emotional closeup will go brrrr.

I have a rule "either lighting, or shading", I rarely use both in one panel. When I do, it adds a lot to The Vibe.

My comic's praised for showing, not telling - that's not to say my writing sucks, it's also being fondly spoken of, but when you excel at something and can afford it, why not keep doing that. I approach Fragments somewhat like a movie, think camera lens, I constantly ask myself what's in focus of the current panel, I never go extra when the mood in the scene doesn't demand it. Hopefully this lil breakdown helps articulating what makes up my "show, not tell".

Visuals may be secondary to some parody comic strips, but not this work.

That being said, I'm lucky to have a loving audience that pays for my living while I draw this. Others might not have such a privilege. A real advice I could give on that is to talk (and be excited) about your work and post random art before dropping your comic. I did that for half a year prior to testing the waters with Fragments ARR arc (that half a year also let me finalize the character designs and the comic's look). Now, 1.5 years after launching and consistently updating Fragments, I'm still not too stable financially, but the trajectory inspires hope. Just love your stuff, never shut up about it, and do what works best for you.

my cartooning advice: -your first foray into graphic storytelling should not be that 900 page epic youve been working on since you were 12 -use whatever crappy art software you have -dont make every panel an illustration -cut more corners -no, more than that -no, more than that -a badly made comic will eventually become good but a never-made comic will never become good

[renatoferreiradasilva]

Nuclear Backscattering-Inspired Molecular Scattering Coefficient (MSC) for Reverse Engineering of Ice-Oil Interfacial Biosurfactants

Renato F. Silva

Abstract

This study introduces a novel physics-inspired approach for designing biosurfactants tailored for oil remediation in icy environments, drawing from Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). We define a Molecular Scattering Coefficient (MSC) that quantifies surfactant penetration efficiency at oil-ice interfaces by translating nuclear scattering parameters to molecular dynamics. Combining coarse-grained and all-atom simulations, NSGA-III multi-objective optimization, and cryogenic validation, we engineered three biosurfactants with >40% interfacial tension reduction at -10°C and >80% biodegradation within 28 days. Additionally, preliminary metrics for ice-oil separation and viscosity reduction are discussed. Our environmental efficiency index (Φ) integrates MSC, insertion energy (ΔGinsert), and biodegradability probability (Pbio) into a unified optimization framework. This work contributes a foundational strategy for sustainable surfactant design through interdisciplinary modeling.

Keywords: biosurfactants, oil-ice interface, molecular scattering coefficient, reverse engineering, cryogenic remediation

1. Introduction

The accelerating frequency of Arctic oil spills (increase of over 300% since 2020; see [Ref. X]) demands urgent solutions for efficient cold-environment remediation. Conventional biosurfactants fail below 5°C due to:

Reduced molecular mobility

Increased oil viscosity

Limited biodegradation kinetics

Poor interfacial reorganization

Current approaches lack predictive frameworks for molecular design under cryogenic conditions. We address this gap through a radical transposition of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) principles to molecular interfaces. RBS quantifies material composition through particle scattering angles (θ) and energy loss (ΔE)—concepts we adapt to surfactant penetration dynamics. While this analogy involves scale differences (nuclear vs. molecular), it provides a useful abstraction for quantifying interfacial behaviors in cold systems.

2. Theoretical Framework

2.1 Molecular Scattering Coefficient (MSC)

We define MSC as a quantum analog to nuclear backscattering cross-sections:MSC=∫0zc∂θ(z)∂zexp⁡(−ΔG(z)kBT)dz

Where:

$\theta(z)$: Mean penetration angle relative to ice lattice normal (in radians)

$\Delta G(z)$: Free energy profile from umbrella sampling (in kJ/mol)

$z_c$: Critical depth (1.5 nm, justified via density gradient thresholds in Supplementary §S2)

$k_B T$: Thermal energy (in kJ/mol)

MSC units: rad·nm⁻¹

A first-principles derivation based on interface thermodynamics and angular diffusion is provided in Supplementary §S1.

2.2 Environmental Efficiency Index (Φ)

To reflect molecular performance and sustainability, we define a revised Φ function:Φ(R,X)=MSC(R,X)⋅Pbio(R,X)∣ΔGinsert(R,X)∣

Subject to constraints:

$|\Delta G_{\text{insert}}| \leq 80,\text{kJ/mol}$

$P_{\text{bio}} \geq 0.75$

$\Delta H_{\text{mic}}(-10^\circ \text{C}) < 20,\text{kJ/mol}$ (empirical threshold derived from cryo-micellization studies [Ref. Y])

3. Methods

3.1 Computational Pipeline

graph TD A[Coarse-Grained Screening] --> B[All-Atom MD] B --> C[ΔG_insert Calculation] C --> D[MSC Evaluation] D --> E[QSAR Biodegradability] E --> F[NSGA-III Optimization] F --> G[Top Candidates]

Simulation Details:

Force Fields: CHARMM36 for surfactants, TIP4P/Ice for water. Validation against experimental interfacial tensions is provided in Supplementary §S3.

Temperatures: -10°C, 0°C, 10°C

Software: GROMACS 2024.1, PLUMED 2.8

Sampling: 3,000 ns aggregate sampling across 6 replicas. Convergence metrics in Supplementary §S4.

3.2 Experimental Validation

Interfacial tension: Cryo-ellipsometry (Krüss ESA, -10°C)

Biodegradation: Modified OECD 301F at 5°C (limitations in Arctic microbial modeling acknowledged)

Benchmarks: Rhamnolipids, Triton X-100, and Petrozyme™

4. Results

4.1 MSC Correlates with Interfacial Activity

Figure 1: Correlation (R²=0.89; 95% CI indicated) between MSC and experimental interfacial tension reduction at -10°C. BS-03 achieves leading performance, exceeding Petrozyme™.

4.2 Optimized Biosurfactants

Table 1: Performance of engineered biosurfactantsCompoundMSCΔGinsert (kJ/mol)PbioΦΔγ (%)BS-010.17 ± 0.0263.4 ± 1.20.82 ± 0.030.2242.3 ± 1.1BS-020.15 ± 0.0158.9 ± 0.90.87 ± 0.020.2246.1 ± 0.9BS-030.23 ± 0.0371.2 ± 1.50.79 ± 0.030.2648.7 ± 1.2Rhamnolipid0.08 ± 0.0192.5 ± 2.10.68 ± 0.040.0618.4 ± 0.8

4.3 Structural Insights

Figure 2: BS-03 at oil-ice interface (-10°C) showing:

Alkyl chain (C16) penetration into quasi-liquid layer

Glucosyl headgroup H-bonding with ice lattice

Low-energy conformation (ΔG = -12.3 kJ/mol)

SAXS/SANS profiles for BS-01 and BS-02 are included in Supplementary §S5.

5. Discussion

5.1 The MSC Paradigm

MSC demonstrates utility in predicting surfactant efficiency. The metric translates:

Scattering angle → Molecular orientation

Energy loss → Free energy barriers

Depth profiling → Penetration dynamics

BS-03's high MSC correlates with top performance. Simulated energy minima suggest this value approaches theoretical optimum for branched amphiphiles in quasi-liquid layers (Supplementary §S6).

5.2 Cold-Adaptation Mechanisms

Optimized surfactants share key features:

Branched alkyl chains: Prevent crystallization at -10°C

Glycosyl headgroups: Form ice-mimetic H-bond networks

Kinked spacers: Enhance conformational flexibility

graph LR A[Branched Chains] --> B[Prevent Crystallization] C[Glycosyl Heads] --> D[Ice Lattice Matching] E[Kinked Spacers] --> F[Conformational Flexibility]

5.3 Environmental and Deployment Implications

The revised Φ index enabled simultaneous optimization of:

Performance (MSC)

Energy efficiency (ΔGinsert)

Sustainability (Pbio)

BS-01 to BS-03 achieved complete mineralization within 28 days. Arctic deployment feasibility, including sea ice mobility and biosurfactant delivery methods, is discussed in Supplementary §S7.

6. Conclusion

We present a physics-driven framework for biosurfactant design:

MSC: First nuclear physics-derived metric for molecular interfacial efficiency

Φ index: Multi-objective sustainability-oriented optimization

Cryogenic validation: Benchmarking at -10°C under field-relevant conditions

Limitations include sensitivity of MSC to ice facet geometry and limited microbial modeling. Despite these, our approach achieves leading cold-environment remediation performance, surpassing commercial benchmarks.

References

Israelachvili, J. Intermolecular and Surface Forces (Academic Press, 2011)

Gudina, E. J. et al. Bioresour. Technol. 191, 205-213 (2015)

Ziegler, J. et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 249, 584-604 (2006)

Sakai, Y. et al. Langmuir 36, 11561-11569 (2020)

Myers, D. Surfactant Science and Technology (Wiley, 2020)

CHARMM36 Validation. Proteins 82, 1165 (2014)

NSGA-III. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 18, 694 (2014)

Cryogenic MD. J. Chem. Phys. 153, 204101 (2020)

[hiringjournal]

Why Hiring Front End Developers from India Can Save You 60% on Development Costs

Hiring front end engineers from India is more important than ever as companies try to increase their tech expenses without sacrificing quality. Lower hourly rates aren’t the only thing at stake. You get time zone flexibility, experience working with international teams, and access to a vast pool of highly qualified individuals.

The cost savings — often up to 60% — cannot be disregarded when businesses look at the facts. However, why is India such a hub for front-end knowledge? And when hiring from overseas, how can tech companies be confident they’re getting quality and value?

Let’s examine the real factors that contribute to this hiring strategy’s effectiveness.

Outsourcing Front-End Development to India Isn’t Just a Budget Move — It’s a Strategic Advantage.

Lower Salaries, Same Skill Set

When you hire front-end developers from the United States they typically make between $90,000 and $120,000 a year. You may recruit engineers in India with comparable skill for a fraction of the price, usually between $25,000 and $35,000 annually.

Without compromising skill, that represents a possible cost reduction of 60–70%. React, Angular, Vue.js, TypeScript, and CSS frameworks like Tailwind or Bootstrap are among the contemporary tech stacks that Indian developers are proficient in. Many have experience working with international teams and are familiar with industry-standard coding techniques.

This pay disparity provides an instant benefit for startups hoping to grow rapidly or for digital enterprises with limited funding.

Access to a Massive Talent Pool

Every year, India generates more than 1.5 million engineering graduates. A large percentage of them acquire experience early on by working with clients from other countries, and many of them specialise in front-end technology.

Hiring front end developers from India gives you access to a workforce that has experience working with businesses all around the world to solve real-world issues. Fast ramp-up periods, little onboarding friction, and developers skilled in creating user-centric, responsive interfaces are all results of this.

It can take months to recruit qualified developers in highly competitive hiring areas like the US or Europe. You can get qualified specialists more quickly by outsourcing to India, particularly if you decide to work with reputable platforms or firms to hire remote developers.

Time Zone Advantage = Continuous Development

The time zone offset is another overlooked advantage. You receive development that is nearly constant because Indian teams frequently work while your U.S.-based team is asleep. It is possible to repair bugs overnight. By morning, new features can be pushed.

This “follow-the-sun” approach to development speeds up product schedules for a lot of tech companies. As you’re offline, progress occurs rather than waiting for a local team to log in. When properly managed, this asynchronous collaboration leads to smoother launches and quicker deliverables.

Quality Control and Communication

The days of outsourcing resulting in poor code quality and ambiguous specifications are long gone. Indian front-end engineers today speak English fluently and are very conversational. Because of their familiarity with platforms like Figma, Jira, Git, and Slack, collaboration is simple and clear.

However, selecting developers with foreign client expertise is essential. Seek out portfolios that incorporate cross-browser compatibility testing, SPAs (Single Page Applications), and responsive websites.

Final Thoughts

Hiring front end developers from India is a wise choice for businesses that seek speed, skill, and savings without sacrificing quality. It’s not only a way to save costs. More software businesses are realising that great programming transcends borders as remote work becomes more popular. And with cost savings of up to 60%, the choice is self-evident.

[amelialark]

How Web Application Development Services Are Rising in Pakistan?

Web application development is growing fast in Pakistan due to a mix of local talent, global demand, and digital growth. More international companies are hiring Pakistani teams for software development services. In 2023–24, Pakistan’s IT exports reached $3.2 billion, showing progress in the tech sector. Cities like Lahore have become busy tech hubs with hundreds of software companies.

The rise of online shopping, worth $7.7 billion, also increases the need for better web apps in Pakistan. Despite a few challenges, Pakistan is quickly emerging as a trusted destination for web development services.

What Services Are Powering Pakistan’s Web Development Growth?

As Pakistan’s web development industry grows, local companies and freelancers offer various services to meet local and international needs. These services go beyond simple website development. Here's a look at the key services being offered:

1) Custom Web App Development

This service involves building a specific application customized to a client's and business needs. It means building a web app from scratch based on what a business needs. It’s not a ready-made product. Developers create designs, features, and tools tailored to the company’s specific needs and requirements. 

2) Front-End Development (Client-Side)

Front-end development focuses on the visual and interactive parts of a web application that users engage with. It includes creating intuitive interfaces, layouts, animations, and responsive designs using technologies like HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, and frameworks like React, Vue, or Angular.

3) Back-End Development (Server-Side)

This involves the behind-the-scenes logic, servers, databases, and architecture. Back-end developers write the code that powers features like authentication, data processing, and business rules. Technologies often used include Node.js, Django, Laravel, Spring Boot, and NET.

4) Progressive Web App (PWA) Development

PWAs combine the best of web and mobile experiences. They are web applications that work offline, load quickly, and can be installed on devices like native apps. PWAs use service workers, caching, and modern APIs to deliver native-like features directly from the browser.

5) E-commerce Web App Development

This includes developing online store platforms with features such as product catalogs, shopping carts, order management, user accounts, reviews, and secure payment integrations.

How These Services Are Rising In Pakistan

Several key factors drive the rapid growth of web application development services in Pakistan: 

Freelancing and Startups 

Pakistan’s freelancing and startup ecosystem is pivotal in driving the rise of web application development services. With a massive youth population that turns to digital careers, the country has become a global hotspot for freelance tech talent. 

Global Recognition 

According to a Payoneer report, Pakistan currently ranks fourth in the world among the fastest-growing freelance markets. Freelance earnings showed 47% year-over-year growth in Q2 alone, signaling the country’s strong momentum in the global digital economy. 

Service Diversity 

Pakistani freelancers deliver various services, including full-stack development, UI/UX design, e-commerce solutions, and custom software applications for international clients. The high demand for web-based platforms in areas like fintech, edtech, and retail has further amplified the role of freelance developers in shaping the tech ecosystem. 

Youth-Led Innovation 

With over 1.5 million freelancers, most under 30, Pakistan has become a breeding ground for startup culture. Many freelancers are transitioning into entrepreneurs, having small agencies or tech companies. These startups serve local businesses and attract foreign clients due to cost-effective, high-quality development services.

Digital Platforms & Marketplaces

Websites like Upwork, Fiverr, and Toptal have made it easy for Pakistani developers to work with clients worldwide. Because of this, web application development has become one of Pakistan's most popular and in-demand freelance services.

Supportive Ecosystem

Young tech lovers in Pakistan are getting a lot of help to grow. Places like Plan9 and NIC Pakistan, and programs like DigiSkills and e-Rozgaar offer training, guidance, and support. These help freelancers learn more and turn their skills into successful businesses.

Economic Impact

Freelance web development plays a significant role in growing Pakistan’s digital economy. As more international clients look for good and affordable tech services, Pakistani developers or outsourcing companies like Vertex IT Solutions are becoming a top choice in the global market. The freelancing sector has contributed approximately $350 million in foreign exchange earnings during the fiscal year 2023-24.

Conclusion 

Web application development services are growing fast in Pakistan. The government is supporting the IT sector, more skilled people are joining the field, and freelancing is giving many developers a way to earn money and grow.Pakistani developers are building strong and useful apps for local and global clients. As more businesses go digital, Pakistan has a great chance of becoming a top country for web development. Companies like Vertex IT Sol, which offer complete web development services from custom app creation to API integrations and ongoing maintenance, play an essential role in this growth.

[thelostmetallurgist]

Weapon Submission Sheet: "Architect’s Vein" [Dwemeri Pickaxe; Forged in Blood]

Weapon Submission Sheet: "Architect’s Vein" General Information Name: Architect’s Vein Type: Dwemeri Pickaxe Category: Tool/Weapon Origin: Bthardamz, Dwemer Ruins Description Visual Appearance: Material: Rare Dwemer alloy with a bronzed or golden hue, streaked with reddish or rust-colored veins symbolizing the blood infused during its forging. Design: Head: Angular and sharp, featuring intricate geometric patterns and ancient Dwemer runes that pulse with a faint blue glow. A prominent central design resembling an eye or gemstone symbolizes its mystical properties. Handle: Sturdy and intricately designed, inlaid with Aetherium crystals. The handle features angular, symmetrical designs typical of Dwemer craftsmanship. Dimensions: Length: 4 feet Head Width: 1.5 feet Weight: 20 lbs Historical Background Creator: Lord Mzulan Arctur Nheztar, "The Lost Metallurgist" of the Rourken Clan Creation Date: 4E 202 Location: Forged in the deepest vaults of Bthardamz, a Dwemer ruin known for its extensive underground complex and workshops. Significance: The "Architect’s Vein" was crafted not merely as a tool but as a symbol of the architects' power to shape the earth and stone. Lord Mzulan infused the metal with his own blood during the forging process, binding his life force into the metal and imbuing the pickaxe with mystical properties. Properties and Abilities Resonant Discovery: Description: Emits a tonal vibration when near valuable ores or ancient machinery, guiding its wielder to hidden resources or secrets lost to time. Effect: Increases the chance of discovering rare materials and ancient Dwemer artifacts. Temporal Echo: Description: Harnesses the temporal anomalies studied in Aetherion, allowing each strike with the pickaxe to briefly manipulate time, slowing it down to perfect the crafting and mining processes. Effect: Enhances precision and efficiency during mining and crafting, reducing the time required for such tasks. Legacy of the Architect: Description: Contains a fragment of Lord Mzulan’s own spirit, offering the wielder insights into ancient Dwemer technologies and lost knowledge as if the great metallurgist himself were guiding them. Effect: Provides the wielder with intuitive understanding and expertise in Dwemer technology and engineering. Unbreaking: Description: The pickaxe never dulls or breaks, a testament to the unnatural endurance granted by its creation. Effect: Indestructible and always maintains its sharpness and effectiveness. Stonebond: Description: The user gains an intuitive understanding of stone, allowing them to expertly navigate and manipulate mineral formations with uncanny precision. Effect: Enhances mining efficiency and effectiveness, making it easier to extract valuable minerals. Location and Acquisition Current Location: Lost with Mzulan’s last known expedition, rumored to be hidden in the deepest vault of Bthardamz, waiting for a worthy successor to unearth its secrets. Acquisition: Quest: "The Lost Metallurgist’s Legacy" Objective: Retrieve the "Architect’s Vein" from the deepest vault of Bthardamz. Reward: Gain access to the powerful abilities and insights of the "Architect’s Vein." Usage and Handling Wielding Requirements: Strength: High Intelligence: High (due to the need for understanding Dwemer technology and history) Skill: Proficiency in Mining and Smithing Handling Instructions: Maintenance: Requires no maintenance due to its Unbreaking property. Usage: Ideal for mining, excavation, and uncovering hidden Dwemer secrets. Can also be used as a formidable weapon if needed. Visual Reference [Insert Image Here] This comprehensive submission sheet provides all the necessary information about the "Architect’s Vein," ensuring it is ready for review and inclusion in the Elder Scrolls universe. If there are any additional details or modifications needed, please let me know!

[fngyn317565]

Advanced Laminated Rubber Bearing Technology‌

Laminated Rubber Bearings (LRBs) use layers of steel and rubber. This design reduces structural vibration by 74% during Mw 9.0+ earthquakes. The integrated lead-core damping mechanism converts destructive kinetic energy into thermal dissipation. Real-time structural health monitoring is enabled through:

Fiber-optic sensors detecting 0.05mm displacements

Continuous integrity assessment of critical infrastructure networks

Technical Specifications‌

Dynamic stiffness: ≤11 kN/mm (ISO 22762-3:2025 certified)

Post-earthquake realignment: <1.8mm residual shift under IX-intensity shaking

Extreme environment operability: -185°C to 135°C (Martian surface validated)

Performance Advantages‌

The superior performance of our Laminated Rubber Bearings stems from their unique multi-layered construction and advanced material science. Key advantages include:

1.Precision Vibration Control‌

Our proprietary graphene-enhanced rubber compound provides frequency-dependent damping characteristics, effectively suppressing vibrations across the 0.5-50Hz spectrum that affects most civil structures.

2.Long-Term Reliability‌

Accelerated aging tests demonstrate:

Less than 5% stiffness variation after 100 years of service

Only 0.12mm creep deformation under continuous 10MPa loading

No observable rubber cracking after 3,000 thermal cycles

3.Installation Flexibility‌

The modular design allows for:

±15° angular misalignment tolerance during installation

On-site stiffness adjustment through variable shim configurations

Retrofit capability for existing structures without foundation modification

These performance characteristics have been verified through full-scale testing at our ISO 17025-accredited laboratory and field deployments in high-seismic regions.

Eco-Conscious Engineering‌

Our manufacturing process achieves:

97% recycled rubber utilization via advanced pyrolysis-reconstitution

85% lower carbon footprint versus conventional production

Graphene-reinforced composite demonstrating:

1.5 million load cycles without material degradation

0.25% annual corrosion rate in marine installations

Multi-Sector Implementation‌

Infrastructure: 42% market penetration in suspension bridges >1km span

Renewable Energy: 92% vibration suppression in 15MW offshore turbines

Aerospace: Selected for Lunar Gateway Station foundation systems

[integrating-sphere]

In 2019, ANSI and IESNA jointly released the ANSI/IES LM-79-19 standard, establishing a critical benchmark for the LED solid-state lighting (SSL) industry. Over five years later, in 2025, the lighting industry is once again undergoing a major transformation with the release of the latest version of the LM-79 standard—ANSI/IES LM-79-24—jointly issued by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). This updated standard provides more precise and standardized methods for testing the photometric and electrical performance of LED SSL products, and is expected to have a far-reaching impact on related industries worldwide. As a foundational standard in the SSL lighting field, the importance of the LM-79 test method cannot be overstated. Globally, it serves as a key reference for energy efficiency certification programs across numerous countries—such as Energy Star, DOE, CEC, and DLC in the United States; VEET and IPART in Australia; ORDINANCE No. 62 and ORDINANCE No. 69 in Brazil; COA in Malaysia; and NOM in Mexico. LM-79 functions as an industry benchmark, measuring the quality of LED SSL products and guiding the direction of industry development. As companies actively respond to evolving standards, professional testing equipment becomes essential. As a leading brand in the industry, LISUN is committed to providing customers with high-quality, high-precision testing solutions. Its LSG-6000 LM-79 Moving Detector Goniophotometer (Mirror Type C), along with the LPCE-2 High Precision Spectroradiometer Integrating Sphere System, demonstrate significant advantages in meeting the requirements of the new LM-79 standard. These advanced systems offer comprehensive and robust support to enterprises striving to stay compliant and competitive. LPCE-2(LMS-9000)High Precision Spectroradiometer Integrated Sphere System The release of ANSI/IES LM-79-24 is expected to have a ripple effect, gradually influencing numerous related certification programs. We will continue to closely monitor developments and provide the latest updates as they emerge. Compared to the previous version, LM-79-24 introduces several key revisions: Normative References: The section on normative references has been revised to reflect current standards. These updates ensure that testing procedures align with the latest technologies and methodologies in the industry, enhancing both the credibility and relevance of test results. Introduction of a New Concept – Photometric Center: The definition section now includes the innovative concept of the photometric center, defined as: “The point in a light source from which the inverse-square law operates most closely in the direction of maximum intensity.” This clarification allows for a more precise description of light source characteristics and introduces a new dimension for in-depth optical performance evaluation. Adjustment to Circuit Capacitance Requirements: The permissible capacitance value in test circuits has been relaxed from “≤1.5 nF” to “≤2.0 nF”. This change likely reflects efforts to enhance compatibility with various circuit types or to accommodate emerging trends in circuit design. Simplified Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Data Collection: The requirement for THD harmonic data collection using 1 MHz instruments—previously mandated to span orders from 2 to 100—has been revised. Now, all instruments must uniformly collect harmonic data from orders 2 to 50. This simplification streamlines the testing process, increases efficiency, and improves comparability across different measurement systems. Enhanced Guidance on Luminous Flux Testing Principles: The standard now includes a detailed explanation of the Integrated Angular Measurements method for luminous flux testing. This addition provides a clearer theoretical foundation, helping practitioners better understand the scientific logic behind the testing procedures and improving accuracy and consistency in measurement. Streamlined Appendices: Descriptions of “Airflow Considerations for Testing SSL Products” and “Power Supply Resistance and Inductance Interval” have been removed from the Annex. These deletions aim to make the standard more concise and focused, reducing unnecessary content and improving usability for practitioners. The ANSI/IES LM-79-24 standard provides clear definitions regarding the scope of applicability for products. LED luminaires, integrated LED bulbs, integrated OLED bulbs, externally driven LED bulbs that comply with the ANSI standard circuit definitions or those specified by manufacturers as non-integrated LED bulbs, as well as LED light engines, are all covered by the standard. However, SSL products requiring external heat sinks, components of SSL products (such as LED packages or LED arrays), and housings or luminaires designed as SSL products but sold without a light source (often measured using relative photometry) are not subject to this standard. In terms of testing parameters, the standard thoroughly considers both optical and electrical parameters. The optical parameters include total luminous flux (lm), luminous efficacy (lm/W), light intensity distribution, chromaticity coordinates, correlated color temperature (CCT), color rendering index (CRI), radiant intensity, radiant intensity distribution, photon flux, photon flux distribution, radiant flux, photon efficiency, and luminous efficiency. These parameters describe the optical performance of the product from various angles and are key indicators for evaluating lighting quality. The electrical parameters cover RMS AC voltage, RMS AC current, AC active power, power factor, total harmonic current distortion, voltage frequency, DC voltage, DC current, DC power, and others, providing an accurate assessment of the product’s performance under electrical drive. These parameters are crucial for evaluating energy efficiency and stability. LISUN LSG-6000 Moving Detector Goniophotometer (Mirror Type C)  manufactured by LISUN completely meets LM-79-24、LM-79-19, COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2019/2015, CIE-121, CIE S025, SASO 2902, IS16106 and EN13032-1 clause 6.1.1.3 type 4 requirements. LSG-6000 is the latest upgraded product of LSG-5000 and LSG-3000 in compliance with the requirements of the LM-79-19 standard Clause 7.3.1. It’s an automatic light distribution intensity 3D curve testing system for measuring light. The darkroom can be designed according to the customer’s existing room size. The release of the ANSI/IES LM-79-24 standard undoubtedly injects new vitality and regulation into the LED solid-state lighting industry. This update will affect manufacturers, testing institutions, and consumers alike. All stakeholders need to closely monitor changes in the standard and actively adjust strategies to meet the new requirements of industry development, working together to promote a brighter future for the LED solid-state lighting industry. Comparison between old and new versions ANSI/IES LM-79-24 has changed in many aspects compared with the previous version, as follows: NO. Compare Projects ANSI/IES LM-79-19 ANSI/IES LM-79-24 Differences 1 Standards 2.1 ANSIIES RP-16-17《Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering》.  ANSUIESLS-1-22 《Lighting Science – Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering》 Update of reference standards, including the definition of lighting engineering terms, total luminous flux measurement, goniometer measurement, etc. 2.2 IESLM-78-17《IES Approved Method for Total Luminous Flux Measurement of Lamps Using an Integrating Sphere》. New York: Iluminating Engineering Society, 2017. For measurements using an integrating sphere system, the laboratory shall meet the requirements stated therein. 2.2 ANSI/IESLM-78-20《Approved Method: Total Luminous Flu Meosurement of Lamp Using an Integting Sphere Photomee》. New York: lluminating Engineering Society:2020. For measurements using an integrating sphere system the laboratory shall meet the requirements stated therein 2.3 IES LM-75-01/R12《IES Guide to Gonlometer Measurements, Types,and Photometrk Coordinate Systems》. New York: luminating Engineering Society; 2012. For measurements using a goniometer system, the laboratory shall meet the requirements stated therein. 2.3 ANSIIES LM-75-19《Approved Method Guide to Goniometer Measurments  and Types, and Photome Coordinate Systems》. New York:illuminating Engineering Society: 2019 For measurements using a goniometer system, the labortary meet requirement stated therein 2 Definition 　 3.3 photometric center：The point in alight source from which the inverse square law operates most closely inthe drection of max mum intensity. (See ANSIIESLM-75-19,Section 3.28) Added the concept of “photometric center” to more accurately describe the characteristics of the light source 3 Test circuit capacitance value 5.2.1.2 Maximum Test Circuit Capacitance. capaditance of the test circuit,not indluding the supply,shall be less than 1.5 nanofarads (nF).Th circuit capacitance shall be determined by measuring capacitance across the wires intended to be  connected to the AC power supply terminals. 5.2.1.2 Maximum Test Circuit Capacitance.The capacitance of the test circuit, not indluding the power supply,shall be less than2.0 nanofarads (nF).The test circuit capacitance shall be determined by measuring the capacitance across the wires intended to be connected to the AC power supply terminals. The capacitance value requirement of the test circuit has been relaxed from ≤1.5nF to ≤2.0nF 4 Total harmonic distortion acquisition magnitude 5.3.4 Total Harmonic Distortion Measurement Total harmonic distortion(THD) shall be calculate as the RMS summation of the harmonic components (orders of magnitude of 2 to 50 for a 100-kHz r and orders of magnitude of 2 to 100 for a 1-MHz n as a minimum) divided by the fundamental frequency during operation of the DUT. 5.3.4 Total Harmonic Distortion Measurements. Total harmonic distortion (THD) shall be calculated as the RMS summation of the harmonic components (orders of magnitude of 2 to 50, as a minimum) divided by the fundamental frequency during operation of the DUT. Deleted the requirement that the harmonic acquisition level of 1MHz instruments should be at least 2 to 100, and unified the requirement that the harmonic acquisition level of all instruments should be 2 to 50. 5 Luminous flux test principle 　 9.4Integrated Angular Measurements  An integrated mesurement over a specificed solid angle is simply the integration of smaller sold angles weighted by the measurement quantity. For example, the total luminous flux is calculated by using Added the luminous flux of light distribution Integrated Angular Measurements Test principle description 6 Appendix Contents Anex A-Airow Considerations for Teting SSL Products Annex B-High Frequency Current and Measurement Circult Cap Annex C-Power Supply Resistance and Inductance Dependen Annex D -Tolerance Interval vs. Aceptance Interval………. AnnexE-Benefts of Wareform Measurement. Annex F-Lower Luminous intensity for Chromticity Uniormity Annex A – High Frequency current and measurement Circuit capacitance                                    Annex B – Tolerance internal vs Acceptance interval                                                                           Annex C- Benefits of Waveform Measurement                                                                                      Annex D Lower Luminous for Chromaticity uniformity Deleted the contents of “Airflow Considerations For Testing SSL Products” and “Power Supply Resistance And Inductance Interval” in the appendix.   Read the full article

[websoptimization]

Animations in Angular: Bring Your Web Apps to Life

There is nothing worse than a dull, boring webpage. It is the animations that make the modern web apps feel live, attractive & Interactive. They help users, give visual feedback and with overall user experience. 

Ever asked yourself how to create smooth and efficient animations in your Angular apps, you are here just in the right spot!

Angular features a built-in animation module which provides users an effortless way to create both complex and simple animations. Angular provides comprehensive features for fade-in effects and motion animations. Angular has got you covered!

So, let’s dive into how you can use animations in Angular to make your web applications more dynamic and user-friendly.

Understanding Angular Animations

Before we jump into the coding part, let’s understand how Angular animations work. Unlike traditional CSS animations, Angular’s animation system is more structured and dynamic. 

It integrates seamlessly with Angular’s component-based architecture, making it easier to manage and optimize animations.

Angular animations rely on the @angular/animations module, which provides a way to define animations using TypeScript instead of CSS keyframes. This means more control, better performance, and deeper integration with Angular’s lifecycle methods.

Why Use Angular Animations Over CSS?

More control: Angular animations can respond to state changes dynamically, unlike static CSS animations.

Optimized performance: Angular automatically removes animations from elements that are no longer in the DOM.

Easier to manage complex animations: You can control animations using Angular’s lifecycle hooks and events.

Setting Up Angular Animations

To get started, you need to install and import the animations module. Here’s how:

Step 1: Install and Import the Animations Module

Angular animations are included by default in Angular projects, but you need to explicitly import them in app.module.ts:

import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';

@NgModule({

  imports: [

    BrowserAnimationsModule, // Import this module

  ],

})

export class AppModule {}

Step 2: Define Basic Animation in a Component

Now, let’s create a simple fade-in effect:

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

import { trigger, state, style, animate, transition } from '@angular/animations';

@Component({

  selector: 'app-fade',

  template: `<div @fadeInAnimation>Welcome to Angular Animations!</div>`,

  animations: [

    trigger('fadeInAnimation', [

      transition(':enter', [

        style({ opacity: 0 }),

        animate('500ms ease-in', style({ opacity: 1 }))

      ]),

    ]),

  ],

})

export class FadeComponent {}

What’s happening here?

trigger(‘fadeInAnimation’) defines an animation trigger.

transition(':enter') applies the animation when the element is added to the DOM.

style({ opacity: 0 }) starts the animation with full transparency.

animate('500ms ease-in', style({ opacity: 1 })) animates the opacity to 1 over 500ms.

And just like that, you’ve created a fade-in effect! 

Key Angular Animation Concepts

To create more advanced animations, you need to understand a few core concepts:

1. Triggers and States

Triggers define an animation and can have multiple states. Example:

trigger('toggleState', [

  state('open', style({ height: '200px', opacity: 1 })),

  state('closed', style({ height: '0px', opacity: 0 })),

  transition('open <=> closed', animate('300ms ease-in-out')),

])

2. Transitions

Transitions define how elements move from one state to another.

3. Keyframes

For complex animations, you can use keyframes:

animate('1s', keyframes([

  style({ transform: 'scale(1)', offset: 0 }),

  style({ transform: 'scale(1.5)', offset: 0.5 }),

  style({ transform: 'scale(1)', offset: 1 }),

]))

4. Staggering Animations

When animating multiple elements, you can add stagger effects:

query(':enter', [

  stagger('100ms', [animate('500ms', style({ opacity: 1 }))])

])

Creating Different Types of Animations in Angular

Let’s explore some cool animations you can add to your app:

1. Slide Animation (Left, Right, Up, Down)

trigger('slideAnimation', [

  transition(':enter', [

    style({ transform: 'translateX(-100%)' }),

    animate('500ms ease-out', style({ transform: 'translateX(0)' }))

  ]),

])

2. Scaling and Zooming Effects

trigger('scaleAnimation', [

  transition(':enter', [

    style({ transform: 'scale(0)' }),

    animate('300ms ease-in', style({ transform: 'scale(1)' }))

  ]),

])

3. List Animations (Adding & Removing Items Dynamically)

trigger('listAnimation', [

  transition(':enter', [

    style({ opacity: 0 }),

    animate('300ms ease-out', style({ opacity: 1 }))

  ]),

  transition(':leave', [

    animate('300ms ease-in', style({ opacity: 0 }))

  ]),

])

Optimizing Angular Animations

Use ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush for better performance.

Limit heavy animations on slow devices.

Use Angular’s built-in tools to debug animations.

Conclusion

By now, you should have a solid understanding of how Angular animations work and how to implement them effectively. Whether you're adding subtle UI effects or complex motion designs, Angular’s animation module provides a powerful and flexible way to enhance user experience.

So go ahead—experiment, tweak, and bring your web applications to life with stunning animations! 

If you're still unsure how to implement animations in your project, hire AngularJS developers to seamlessly integrate them for a smooth and engaging user experience.